Posted on: 12:50 Thu, 20 Jun 2019



WELCOME TO JFT JUPEB 2019 BIOLOGY & BUSINESS STUDIES ANSWERS
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EXAM TIME:-
Friday 21st June 2019
- 9:-00am-12:-00pm
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BIOLOGY OBJ:-
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BIOLOGY ESSAY ANSWER:-
(7a) The malaria parasite life cycle involves two hosts. During a blood meal, a malaria-infected female Anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozoites into the human host . Sporozoites infect liver cells and mature into schizonts , which rupture and release merozoites .

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(8a)
(i)They are poikilothermic or cold blooded animals
(ii)They have dry skin covered with scales
(iii)They have homodont dentition
(iv)Reproduction is sexual and fertilization is internal
(v)They did not show parental care for young ones
(vi)They have lungs which are used for gaseous exchange
(vii)They have incomplete developed four chambered-heart
(viii)They have two pairs of limbs
(ix)they are terrestrial animal
(x)They have oviparous mode of reproduction ,i.e., the females lay fertilized eggs.

(8b) Heat protection: On land, temperatures can change very fast and within a wide range. A terrestrial animal's metabolism allows it to adapt to these temperature changes in. In the sea, however, temperatures change very slowly, and do not range as widely as on land. A creature accustomed to the sea's even temperatures therefore needs to acquire a protective system appropriate to the temperature swings on land. It would be ridiculous to claim that fish acquired such a system through random mutations as soon as they emerged onto dry land.
3) Use of water: Water is an essential requirement for living things, and on land, its availability is limited. For that reason water, and even moisture, must be used economically. For example, skin must prevent water loss and evaporation, and land dwellers must be able to feel thirst when they need water. Yet underwater creatures have no sense of thirst and their skins are not suited to a dry environment.
4) Kidneys: Due to the abundant water in their environment, marine creatures can immediately filter and expel their bodies' waste products, particularly ammonia. On land, however, water must be used at minimum levels. For that reason these living things have kidneys, thanks to which ammonia is filtered out as urea and stored in the bladder, and the minimum amount of water is used when it is expelled. In addition, there is a need for new systems that enable the kidneys to function. In order for a transition from water to land, creatures without kidneys will need to develop them immediately.
5) Respiratory system: Fish breathe the oxygen dissolved in water through their gills. Out of the water, however, they are unable to survive for more than a few minutes. In order to live on dry land, they need to acquire a pulmonary system.

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BUSINESS STUDIES ESSAY ANSWER:-
1.The business environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm's ability to build and maintain successful customer relationship

1b)A.. Behavioural and personal traits

A business leader's characteristics such as behaviour, personality and attitude can certainly have an impact of the growth of the business. Furthermore, their capabilities, including education and training create higher expectations in some industry sectors, whilst their social capital influences

B. Business structure and management


How the business is structured, its goals and the performance of its management team, in particular their ability to make rational decisions about its operation, will highly impact the successful development of the business.


C. External factors£
Whilst the above two considerations can be managed to an extent, external factors over which we have virtually no control are also going to have an effect on the business' growth. Such factors are the cultural, political and economic conditions of the country or region in which the company operates.


D. *Location

Variation in size, scope and buoyancy of demand in local markets is likely to affect growth opportunities. On the supply side, variation in the cost and availability of labour, premises and services are also influential. Nevertheless, owner-managed businesses are often adaptable, employing different strategies to deal with these local variables so that their impact is minimised

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(2a) franchise in business is an extreme way of doing business in which the owners, or "franchisors", sell the rights to their business logo, name, and model to third party retail outlets, owned by independent, third party operators,

(2b)advantages of franchise
1.access to better talent
2.easy expansion capital
3.minimized growth risk

Disadvantages of franchise
1.you have less control over managers
2.there will be a weaker core community
3.innovation challenges

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(3b)
1. Coincides with Long-Term Strategy – Long-term financing enables a company to align its capital structure with its long-term strategic goals, affording the business more time to realise a return on an investment.

2. Matches Duration of Asset Base with Duration of Liabilities– The maturity associated with long-term financing better coordinates with the typical lifespan of assets purchased.

"With the right investor, companies stand to gain from a long-term relationship and partnership, in addition to ongoing support."


3. Long-Term Support from Investor – A company can benefit from having a long-term relationship with the same investor throughout the life of the financing. With the right investor, companies stand to gain from a long-term relationship and partnership, in addition to ongoing support. Being that the financing is long term, a company will not have to repeatedly bring in new financing partners who may not understand the business as well, which can often happen with short-term financing.

4. Limits Company’s Exposure to Interest Rate Risk – Long-term, fixed-rate financing minimises the refinancing risk that comes with shorter-term debt maturities, due to its fixed interest rate, thus decreasing a company’s interest rate and balance sheet risk.

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(4a) Startup capital refers to the money that is required to start a new business, whether for office space, permits, licenses, inventory, product development and manufacturing, marketing or any other expense.


4b)capital for expansion is the investment or the cost undertaken to expand the business. It includes funding for increased expenses, increased levels of inventory, increased plant and equipment capacity, increased working capital levels, increased marketing costs, business acquisition capital, and transaction costs


4c)Working capital, also known as net working capital (NWC), is the difference between a company’s current assets, such as cash, accounts receivable (customers’ unpaid bills) and inventories of raw materials and finished goods, and its current liabilities, such as accounts payable.Working capital is a measure of a company's liquidity, operational efficiency and its short-term financial health. If a company has substantial working capital, then it should have the potential to invest and grow.

4d)Capital expenditures, are funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, buildings, an industrial plant, technology, or equipment .it is often used to undertake new projects or investments by the firm. Making capital expenditures on fixed assets can include everything from repairing a roof to building, to purchasing a piece of equipment, to building a brand new factory. This type of financial outlay is also made by companies to maintain or increase the scope of their operations.


4e)A revenue expenditure is a cost that will be an expense in the accounting period when the expenditure takes place.Revenue expenditures are often discussed in the context of fixed assets. The revenue expenditures take place after a fixed asset had been put into service and simply keeps the asset in working order. (The amount spent to acquire a fixed asset is referred to as a capital expenditure. The amount of the capital expenditure will be recorded as an asset

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(6a) Leadership is a quality of influencing people, so that the objectives are attained willingly and enthusiastically. It is not exactly same as management, as leadership is one of the major element of management. Management is a discipline of managing things in the best possible manner. It is the art or skill of getting the work done through and with others. It can be found in all the fields, like education, hospitality, sports, offices etc.

the major difference between leadership and management, is management is for formal and organized group of people only, whereas leadership is for both formal and informal groups