Posted on: 05:41 Wed, 07 Sep 2016



FIN. ACCOUNTING THEORY AND OBJECTIVE QUESTION AND ANSWER IS OUT KINLDLY CLICK ON THIS ABOVE IMAGE LINK TO VIEW THE ANSWER NOW

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Thursday, 8th September, 2016
Financial Accounting (Financial Accounting Essay& Objective) 9.30am –1.00pm ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


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ACCOUNT OBJ
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1.Control account used to record the balances on a number of subsidiary accounts and to provide a cross-check on them.

uses of control account
1. Check on the accuracy
2. Location of errors
3. For internal check
4. More Simply and Quickly
C.Limitations of accounting ratio

(1) Ratios are based on accounting figures given in the financial statements. However, accounting figures are themselves subject to deficiencies, approximations, diversity in practice or even manipulation to some extent. Therefore, ratios are not very helpful in drawing reliable conclusions.

2) Ratios have inherent problem of comparability. Companies otherwise similar may employ different accounting methods, which can cause problems in comparing certain key relationships. For example, inventory turnover can be different for a company using FIFO than for the other company using LIFO method of inventory valuation.

3) Accounting ratios are not totally dependable and they must be used after giving due weight- age to general economic conditions, industry situation, position of firms within the industry, mode of operations, size of firm, diversity of product which can make the business enterprises completely dissimilar and thus affect the computation of accounting ratios.

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2a. Working capital is the amount of a company's current assets minus the amount of its current liabilities.

2b. Capital employed, also known as funds employed, is the total amount of capital used for the acquisition of profits. It is the value of all the assets employed in a business and can be calculated by adding fixed assets to working capital or subtracting current liabilities from total assets.

2c. A fixed asset is an item with a useful life greater than one reporting period, and which exceeds an entity's minimum capitalization limit .

2d. A current asset is cash and any other company asset that will be turning to cash within one year from the date shown in the heading of the company's balance sheet. (If a company has an operating cycle that is longer than one year, an asset that will turn to cash within the length of its operating cycle is considered to be a current asset.)

2e. The rate of stock turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year. The equation for inventory turnover equals the cost of goods sold or net sales divided by the average inventory.

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3a. The accrual concept in accounting means that expenses and revenues are recorded in the period they occur, whether or not cash is involved.

3b. The business entity concept states that the transactions associated with a business must be separately recorded from those of its owners or other businesses. Doing so requires the use of separate accounting records for the organization that completely exclude the assets and liabilities of any other entity or the owner.

3c. Dual Aspect Concept, also known as Duality Principle, is a fundamental convention of accounting that necessitates the recognition of all aspects of an accounting transaction.

3d. PERIODICITY CONCEPT is the concept that each accounting period has an economic activity associated with it, and that the activity can be measured, accounted for, and reported upon.
3e. The going concern principle is the assumption that an entity will remain in business for the foreseeable future. Conversely, this means the entity will not be forced to halt operations and liquidate its assets in the near term at what may be very low fire-sale prices.

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4a)
A company is a legal entity made up of an association of persons, be they natural, legal, or a mixture of both, for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.

4bi) An ordinary share represents equity ownership in a company proportionally with all other ordinary shareholders, according to their percentage ownership in the company. All other shares of a company's stock are, by
definition , preferred shares

4b(ii)Preference shares, more commonly referred to as preferred stock, are shares of a company's stock with dividends that are paid out to shareholders before common stock dividends are issued. If the company enters bankruptcy, the shareholders with preferred stock are entitled to be paid from company assets first.

4b(iii) A debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical assets or collateral.
Debentures are backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both corporations and governments frequently issue this type of bond to secure capital.

4b(iv) The authorised capital of a company (sometimes referred to as the authorised share capital, registered capital or nominal
capital, particularly in the United States) is the maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised by its constitutional documents to issue (allocate) to shareholders.

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5a )
JOURNAL
TBULATE
————— dr ——- cr
————— NGN —— cr
(i)
suspense — 19 , 000 — -
purchase —————- 19 , 000
__________________________________
ii )
returns inwards —— 8 ,000 ——
suspense —————————– 8, 000
__________________________________
iii )
suspense ——- 19 ,600 ———
cashbook ——- ——— 19, 000
__________________________________
iv )
suspense(49 ,000 × 2) — 98, 000 —–
cashbook ————- —– 98 ,000
__________________________________
v )
repairs of plant —— 11, 000 ——-
plant and machinery — ——- 11 ,000
__________________________________
vi )
customer ———– 158 , 950 ——–
sales ————– ——– 158 , 950
__________________________________
vii)
suppliers (25, 500 × 2 ) — - 51 ,000 —–
suspense ————— —– 51 ,000
__________________________________

5b )
TABULATE
suspense account
NGN
purchase 19, 000
cash book 19 ,600
cash book 98 ,000
= 136 ,600
NGN
returns in 8 ,000
supplier 51 ,000
c /f 77, 600
= 136 ,600

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Section B [ Calculation]


(9)
king star enterprises
departmental , trading, profit & loss acct
Debit side :
A le, B le
opening stock: 1000, 800 add purchases: 147200 , 132800
148200 , 123 ,600
add carriage: 1000, 1000
149200 , 124600
less closing stock: 1200, 600
148000 ,124000 gross profit: 12000, 16000
160000 , 140000
office exp : 480 , 120
rates : 176 , 94
insurance: 692 , 173
light: 384 , 96 repairs : 240 , 60
net profit : 10028, 159507
12000, 160000 credit side
A le, B le
sales: 160000 ,140000
160000 , 140000
gross profit: 12000 , 16000
12000, 160000

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(8)
Goodwill:
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
debit side :
daura (21000)
Agu(140000 ) Ssena(70000 )
420000 credit side :
bal(420000 )
420000 loac a / c :
Debit side :
bk(600000 )
Credit side :
bal(600000 ) Partners capital A /c :
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
debit side :
D: A : S
Bal c / d:
110000 , 340000 , 370000 110000 , 340000 , 370000 Credit side :
D: A : S
bal: 900000 ,- , 300000
goodwill : 210000 , 140000, 70000
Mator vehicle : - , 200000 , - 110000 ,340000 , 370000 Balance Sheet as at 1/ 1/ 2015
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Debit side : Capital:
diara (1110000 )
Agu(340000 )
sena (370000)
1820000 current liab :
creditors(240000 ) credit side :
equip (800200 )
m / v (600800)
1500000 Current Asset :
stock(309000 )
stock(420000 )
Bank (110000 )


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